ABSTRACT Phytochemical analysis of the basidiomycete Cortinarius magellanicus (family Cortinariaceae) resulted in the isolation of eight secondary metabolites, where a brominated secondary metabolite was isolated for first time from a natural source. The structure elucidation of this compound was made using one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments, FT-IR, GC-MS, HRESIMS and chemical derivation. The disk diffusion assay of the brominated compound 4 and 8 revealed a low inhibition on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. No antifungal activities were detected for these compounds.

The aim of the present investigation was to appraise variation in the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against phytopatogenic bacterial of essential oils from Azorella spinosa. Three samples of A. spinosa were collected in different date in the same area. The essential oils were obtained for hydro-destillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of essential oils were analysed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed variation in the yield and composition, the main detected compounds were monoterpenes such as limonene (10.66-12.30%), tricyclene (10.81-16.99%) and sabinene (9.10-11.49%), the most abundant sesquiterpene was γ-gurjenene (5.48-8.47%). The biological activity of essential oils from A. spinosa against wild phytopatogenic microorganisms showed selectivity over Pseudomonas syringae. This is the first report of the essential oil composition of A. spinosa, and confirms that natural products obtained from aromatic plants represent an important source of bioactive molecules that could be used as new alternatives for the treatment of phytopatogenic bacteria infections.

Twenty six compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis from culture broth of six Macromycetes growing in subantarctic forests in southern Chile: Mycena hialinotricha, Collybia butyracea, Inocybe geophylla, Entoloma nubigenum, Stropharia semiglobata and Psathyrella sp. Antifungal and antibacterial activity were evaluated through agar diffusion test. This assay showed bioactivity against Penicillium notatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhyzoctonia solani, Ceratocistys pilifera, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Escherichia faecalis and Staphilococcus aureus.

In a chemical analysis of the red seaweed Plocamium cartilagineum collected in Antarctic Peninsula, four polyhalogenated monoterpenes were isolated. Their structures were established by spectroscopic techniques. Two of them are acyclic monoterpenes and the others are cyclic. We report the antimicrobial, insecticide and acaricide activities of compounds.

Four compounds that belong to two structure types, namely dibenzylbutyrolactone and sesterterpenoids, were obtained from the extract of the strain Aspergillus sp. (2P-22), isolated from a marine sponge, Cliona chilensis. Among them, compound 1 was identified as new, namely butylrolactone-VI. The structures of these compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data. Biological activities of these fungal metabolites, are described.

In addition to the known diterpenes, desoxyarticulin and dihydrotucumanoic acid, a new neoclerodane diterpene was isolated from Baccharis marginalis. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence.

The inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase is considered as a strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, ataxia, and myasthenia gravis. Three lanostane- and two cycloartane-type triterpenes, together with two mulinane-type diterpenes were isolated from petroleum ether extract of the whole shrub of Azorella trifurcata (Gaertn.) Pers. Their effect on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase was assessed as well. In addition, this is the first report of these triterpenes in the genus Azorella.

Ergosterol 1, peroxyergosterol 2, ergosta-4,6,8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one 3 and 24-ethyl-cholesta-4-ene-3-one 4 were isolated from the cultures of a fungus Geotrichum sp. obtained from a marine sediment. It was established that no other sterols were present in the extract. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods

A new and two previously known metabolites possessing a polypropionate carbon skeleton have been isolated from the marine gastropod mollusk Siphonaria lessoni, collected at Chilean coasts. Their structures have been determined by spectroscopical methods.

In addition to azorellanol a new diterpenoid 7-deacetylazorellanol, has been isolated from the aerial parts of Laretia acaulis (Cav.) Gill et Hook (Umbelliferae). Its structure was based on spectroscopic comparison with azorellanol and chemical grounds. Azorellanol and 7-deacetylazorellanol showed marked inhibitor activity against trophozoites of protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The 50 % inhibitory dose for azorellanol was calculated in 54 muM and for 7-deacetylazorellanol was 42 mM.

Desde de las partes aéreas de Laretia acaulis (Cav.) Gill et Hook hemos aislado azorellanol y un nuevo diterpenoide 7-desacetilazorellanol. Su estructura esta basada en la comparación de sus datos espectroscópicos con los de azorellanol y transformaciones químicas. Azorellanol y 7-desacetilzorellanol muestran una marcada actividad inhibitoria frente a los trofozoitos del protozoo parásito Toxoplasma gondii. La dosis inhibitoria 50 (DI50) de azorellanol es 54 myM y para 7-desacetylazorellanol 42 myM